Correos Espana "History of Discovery and Conquest of America"

CORREOS ESPANA on 12 October 1964  issued a First Day Cover called  "History of Discovery and Conquest of America" which featured four of the Spanish explorers/colonisers -- or, to some,  murders/exploiters -- of the New World. Nevertheless, they represent a period in Spanish and South American history. A total of eight FDCs in this series were issued from 1961 until 1968. Rotogravure print method was used. A total of 4,000,000 were printed by the National Mint and Stamp Factory. 

Diego de Almagro

Diego de Almagro was a Spanish conquistador. He participated in the conquest of Peru and is officially considered the discoverer of Chile. Diego de Almagro was born in the city in 1475. In 1535, Emperor Charles I awarded Almagro the governorship of Nueva Toledo, in southern Peru, and the title of Adelantado of the lands beyond Lake Titicaca, in present-day Chile.

Francisco de Toledo

Francisco de Toledo, July 10, 1515 in Oropesa, Toledo – 1584 in Seville, was a Spanish nobleman and military man, Viceroy of Peru. Descendant of King Alfonso XI of Castile and Doña Leonor Núñez de Guzmán. In 1535, Toledo joined the Order of Alcántara, for almost twenty years serving the emperor in the armies in Flanders and Italy. He was a friend of Emperor Charles V. He was the fifth of the Viceroys of Peru.

He held this position from 1569 to 1581. During his reign, in 1570, the Inquisition Tribunal was established. Coastal fortifications were built to prevent pirate attacks, and he destroyed the Inca stronghold at Vilcabamba, ordering the execution of Túpac Amaru. He centralized the essential aspects of colonial administration and established the foundations of what would become the colonial system in Peru.

Saint Toribio of Mogrovejo

Toribio Alfonso de Mogrovejo y Robledo Mayorga, Valladolid, November 18, 1538 – Saña, Peru, March 23, 1606. Spanish clergyman. Saint of the Catholic Church and second Archbishop of Lima. He was a tireless missionary and a great organizer of the South American Church. He began his missionary work by traveling to Lima, baptizing and teaching the natives.

At the age of sixty-eight, Santo Toribio fell ill in Pacasmayo, north of Lima, but continued working until the end, arriving in the city of Saña in a dying condition, where he made his will in which he left his personal belongings to his servants and the rest of his properties to the poor.

He died at 3:30 p.m. on Holy Thursday, March 23, 1606. He was beatified on June 28, 1679 by Pope Innocent XI, through his Bull “Laudeamus” and canonized on December 10, 1726 by Pope Benedict XIII, through his Bull “Quoniam Spiritus”.

Francisco Pizarro

Francisco Pizarro González, Marquis (Trujillo, Cáceres, March 16, 1476/1478 – Lima, June 26, 1541) was the Spanish explorer and conqueror of Peru, governor of New Castile, current Peruvian territory with seat of government in La Ciudad De Los Reyes (Lima).

He is remembered for having succeeded in dominating the Inca Empire with the help of various local chiefdoms, conquering the aforementioned imperial state whose center of government was located in present-day Peru, and establishing a Spanish dependency over it. Although he held the title of marquis, he was a "marquis without a marquisate"; his descendants held the title of Marquis of the Conquest. However, it is quite possible that he was granted the title of Marquis of Atavillos.